ABSTRACT
Objective: Innate immunity factors are associated with type 2 diabetes [T2DM] and its complications. Therefore, T2DM has been suggested to be an immune-dependent disease. Elevated fasting glucose level and higher concentrations of innate immunity soluble molecules are not only related with insulin resistance, but inflammation is also an important factor in beta cell dysfunction in T2DM. Toll-like receptor 2 [TLR-2], which has an important role in inducing innate immune cells, is thought to have suppressive roles on immune responses in T2DM. We therefore aimed to investigate the possible role of TLR-2 del -196-174 and Arg753Gln variants in T2DM pathogenesis
Materials and Methods: This study was designed as a case-control study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism [PCR-RFLP] technique was used to genotype the two variants in 100 T2DM patients and 98 agematched controls
Results: We found significantly higher frequencies of TLR-2 del -196-174 DD genotype [P=0.003], ID genotype [P=0.009] and D allele [P=0.001] in patients compared with controls. In addition, the II genotype [P=0.001] and the I allele [P=0.003] frequencies were elevated in healthy controls. We did not find any significant differences in frequency distribution for the Arg753Gln variant in study groups
Conclusion: We suggest that carrying the D allele of the TLR-2 del -196-174 variant may be related as a risk factor for T2DM
ABSTRACT
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is often associated with some complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. Genes of the renin angiotensin system are potential candidate genes for diabetic complications. We investigated the relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism in type 2 diabetic patients with and without diabetic nephropathy. Seventy five patients (25 type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy, 50 type 2 diabetic patients without nephropathy) and 37 healthy controls were studied. Gene polymorphism of ACE was determined by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification using allele-spesific primers. The frequencies of ACE DD, ID and II genoypes among the patients with type 2 diabetic patients were found 48%, 42%, 10% whereas in control subjects, 27%, 60%, 13% respectively. Type 2 diabetic patients carrying DD genotype without nephropathy increased 1.77 fold than control subjects (P < 0.05). There is no significant correlation between diabetic nephropathy and ACE gene polymorphism. But we found that ACE DD genotype increased significantly in type 2 diabetic patients compared to control subjects (P < 0.05).